Osmosis Demonstration-Sayra

Osmosis Demonstration on a Potato

Osmosis Demonstration-Jenny

Below is the video that I used to demonstrate Osmosis. On the left is a raisin, and on the right is a dried cranberry. Although it is difficult to tell, the two foods are expanding. This is happening because water is gradually seeping into the food's cells. The cells have a membrane that allow water to pass, and as a result, the cells expand and burst. Our foods do not burst like some do, but they do slowly expand.
(I apologize for the bad quality, but the two foods are in fact expanding).

Cell Analogies Link- Jacob

Cell Analogies

Cell Analogies Project- Jenny

Cell Analogies Project Link

Cell Analogies Project- Sayra

Cell Analogies Project

Enzyme Lab Report- Jacob

Introduction:

  Enzymes are biological molecules that act as a catalyst with three characteristics. Enzyme increase the rate of reactions. Enzymes act with reactant called a substrate to produce a product.

Purpose:

 This is an experiment where we test the enzymes and how they are impacted by temperature changes.

HYPOTHESIS:

"If the temperature of water affects the production rate of enzymes,
then once the temperature of the water/substance has reached around room
temperature, the production rate will start to slow down.

Independent Variable:

Temperature (Celsius)

Dependent Variable:

the enzyme’s rate of reaction

Controlled Variables:

Volume of the extract

Justification of hypothesis:

Since enzymes work best at normal human body temperature, they could end up declining.

Materials:

-Test tubes                           -Ruler

-Oak grass                         -Beakers

-Hydrogen Peroxide          -Stopwatch

-Water

-Ice

PROCEDURE:

1. Collect and Set up the materials at a lab station with the ice or hot
   water baths that are Room temperature (20 degrees Celsius), Cold (0
   degrees Celsius), and hot (50 degrees Celsius)
2. Collect the oak grass and it with a mortar and pestle until it reaches a watery substance
3. Tape the ruler onto the test tubes.
4. To create
   the extract for this experiment, you need to take the 2 mL of the
   oak grass substance and mix it with a bit of water  into a test tube.
5. To heat up/cool down the extract, add it to the bath until it has reached the temperature you want it to be at.
6. When it is done add ½ mL of the per-oxidase to the test tubes
7. Measure
   how many bubbles appear once the reaction starts by timing how tall the
   bubbles get every 10 seconds (for a total of 60 seconds) and the height
   of the bubbles when it has reached its peak.
8. Repeat the process for remaining test tubes.
9. Collect data and analyze results.

Summary:

We started with the materials and slowly made our way to making test tubes
with different liquids. Once they were ready we measured the bubbles
and used the stopwatch to record their size every ten seconds. Our
results were then recorded on a table on a piece of paper. When we
finished testing every single test tube we came up with our final
results.

DATA AND RESULTS:

Cold- 0 degrees Celsius

Time:              Height:

0 sec             0 mm

10 sec           2 mm

20 sec          4 mm

30 sec          7 mm

40 sec         10 mm

50 sec         12 mm

60 sec         14 mm

Room Temperature- 20 degrees Celsius

Time: Height:

0 sec 0 mm

10 sec 30 mm

20 sec 35 mm

30 sec 40 mm

40 sec 45 mm

50 sec 49 mm

60 sec 50 mm

Hot- 50 degrees Celsius

Time: Height:

0 sec 0 mm

10 sec 19 mm

20 sec 25 mm

30 sec 33 mm

40 sec 40 mm

50 sec 42 mm

60 sec 45 mm

CONCLUSION:

Our hypothesis was wrong, our room temperature measurements increased every ten seconds. we thought it was going to change

Enzyme Lab Report- Sayra

Hypothesis:

 If the temperature of water affects the production rate of enzymes, then once the temperature of the water/substance has reached around room temperature ,the production rate will start to slow down.

Independent Variable:

Temperature (Celsius)

Dependent Variable:

the enzyme’s rate of reaction

Controlled Variables:

Volume of the extract

Justification of hypothesis:

Since enzymes work best at normal human body temperature, they could end up declining.

Materials:

-Testtubes                 -Ruler

-Oakgrass -Beakers

-Hydrogen Peroxide -Stopwatch

-Water

-Ice

Procedure:

1. 1) Collect and Set up the materials at a lab station with the ice or hot water baths that are Room temperature (20 degrees Celsius), Cold (0 degrees Celsius), and hot (50 degrees celsius)
2. Collect the oakgrass and it with a mortar and pestle until it reaches a watery substance
3. Tape the ruler onto the test tubes.
4. To create the extract for this experiment, you need to take the 2 mL of the oakgrass substance and mix it with a bit of water  into a test tube.
5. To heat up/cool down the extract, add it to the bath until it has reached the temperature you want it to be at.
6. When it is done add ½ mL of the peroxidase to the test tubes
7. Measure how many bubbles appear once the reaction starts by timing how tall the bubbles get every 10 seconds (for a total of 60 seconds) and the height of the bubbles when it has reached its peak.
8. Repeat the process for remaining test tubes.
9. Collect data and analyze results.

Summary:

We started with the materials and slowly made our way to making test tubes with different liquids. Once they were ready we measured the bubbles and used the stopwatch to record their size every ten seconds. Our results were then recorded on a table on a piece of paper. When we finished testing every single test tube we came up with our final results.

Data and Results:

Cold- 0 degrees Celsius

Time:              Height:

0 sec 0 mm

10 sec 2 mm

20 sec 4 mm

30 sec 7mm

40 sec 10mm

50 sec 12mm

60 sec 14mm

Room Temperature- 20 degrees Celsius

Time: Height:

0 sec 0 mm

10 sec 30 mm

20 sec 35mm

30 sec 40mm

40 sec 45mm

50 sec 49mm

60 sec 50mm

Hot- 50 degrees Celsius

Time: Height:

0 sec 0mm

10 sec 19mm

20 sec 25mm

30 sec 33mm

40 sec 40mm

50 sec 42mm

60 sec 45 mm

-I did not understand how to make a chart on here.

Conclusion:

Our hypothesis was wrong, our room temperature measurements increased every ten seconds.

Enzyme Lab Report- Jenny

Introduction:
       It is said that enzymes work best at normal room temperature, so our group decided to test this. After much research, we discovered that the enzymes work best under normal room temperature, which is around 20 degrees Celsius.
Hypothesis:

       If the temperature of water affects the production rate of enzymes, then once the temperature of the water/substance has reached around normal air temperature (20 degrees Celsius), the production rate will start to decline. 

Independent Variable: 

       Temperature in Celsius

Dependent Variable:

       Rate of reaction

Controlled Variable:

       The protein source and (hydrogen peroxide) and the type of water

Justification of Hypothesis:

       I wanted to know at what point the productivity of the enzymes starts to decline, and enzymes work best at normal human body temperature which could mean that this could be the point where it starts to decline.

Materials: 

digital scale one handful of freshly picked bindweed vines with leaves (5-10 grams)mortar and pestle distilled water 3 one hundred liter beakers 2 ml. syringe hydrogen peroxide paper towel 8 glass test tubes, test tube rack, small plastic ruler, safety goggles ice 3 large plastic beaker (ice bath, hot water, body temperature water) hot water thermometers
Procedure:

We are going to test the effects that temperature has on the production rate of enzymes. We are going to have 3 different beakers filled with 20, 50, 40, and 3 degrees Celsius. We are going to test the rate of reaction in these three temperatures.

Steps:

1. Collect and Set up the materials at a lab station with the ice/hot water baths (20, 50, 40, and 3 degrees Celsius)
2. Collect the bindweed leaves and grind them up with a mortar and pestle until it reaches a watery substance 
3. Tape the ruler onto the test tubes.
4. To create the extract for this experiment, you need to take the 35 grams of the bindweed and add it to 55 mL of water.
5. Filter the substance through a paper towel and into a beaker. You will then have 60 mL extract that looks like green water. 
6. Add 2 mL of the extract into each test tube. (you don’t need a lot of the extract in each tube, but you make enough just in case.
7. To heat up/cool down the extract, add it to the bath until it has reached the temperature you want it to be at. 
8. Add the bindweed to the test tube.
9. Add 3 mL peroxidase to the four test tubes. 
10. Measure how many bubbles appear once the reaction  starts by timing how tall the bubbles get every 5 seconds (for a total of 30 seconds) and the height of the bubbles when it has reached its peak. 
11. Repeat the process for remaining test tubes. 
12. Collect data and analyze results.

Data and Results:

(This section should include at least one graph!) *

Time in seconds       Height in centimeters

Control (20 degrees Celsius)- Time: Height

0: 6.1

5: 6.1

10: 6.2

15: 6.3

20: 6.6

25: 6.8

30: 6.8

Temperature #1- hot (50 degrees Celsius)- Time: Height

0: 6.1

5: 6.1

10: 6.2

15: 6.2

20: 6.3

25: 6.3

30: 6.4

Temperature #2- medium (40 degrees Celsius)- Time: Height

0:6.1

5: 6.1

10: 6.2

15:6.4

20:6.5

25: 6.5

30: 6.5

Temperature #4- Cold (3 degrees Celsius) Time: Height

0:6.1

5: 6.1

10: 6.1

15: 6.1

20: 6.1

25: 6.2

30: 6.2
*I couldn't figure out how to make a graph on this, but I am going to keep trying to get one.

Conclusions:

Our hypothesis was confirmed as true, because after the temperature reached normal body temperature, the production rate started to decline.